All sensors are processed by a single high precision 11 bit ADC, thus completely by-passing the problem of electronic interband calibration. The current (2011) SPOT constellation of two satellites (SPOT-4, and SPOT-5) offers the broadest range of imagery, including, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 m resolutions. SPOT-4 est lancé le 23 mars 1998 (Ariane 40, vol 107). Two days later, the 1800 kg SPOT 1 transmitted its first image with a spatial resolution of 10 or 20 meters. 5 ounces. SPOT products monitor your location, connecting to emergency responders while out of cellular range. • PASTEL (PAssager SPOT de Técommunication Laser). • CNES was planning for June 2013 to begin the long process of de-orbiting SPOT-4 for a reentry into Earth’s atmosphere at some point within the next 25 years. SPOT 4 image acquired on 4 August 2010 (image credit: EADS Astrium) 18). Vegetation payload parameters: mass = 152 kg, power = 200 W, instrument size = 0.7 m x 1 m x 1 m, data transmit frequencies in X-band (8153 MHz) at 3.4 Mbit/s, and L-band (1704 MHz), data rate of sensor (L-band) = 510 kbit/s. SPOT was the French government-sponsored civil earth observation program. SPOT 4 websites. The duration of all transmissions was around 378 hours for all communication sessions. ITC Satellites and Sensors Database SPOT 4 Launched in: 1998: Out of service since: 2013: Repeat cycle: 26 days: Orbit height: 832 km: Orbit type: Sun Synchronous: Organisation: CNES - France End-of-life 29 June 2013. 104, D15, Aug. 20, 1999, pp. ESBT is a DSP-based satellite Earth station modem capable of handling data bit rates from 128 to 32768 bit/s in steps of 1 bit/s. During this period, 42 sites will be observed every 5 days, as in the case of Sentinel-2. The NiCd battery consists of 4 units each with a capacity of 40 Ah. Search for 1.5-m SPOT 6/7 satellite imagery now. POAM-III (Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement): POAM-III is an NRL instrument (now sponsored by ONR instead of BMDO as done before), an improved version of POAM-II flown on SPOT-3. The launch. characteristics (a swath of 60 km per instrument and oblique viewing capability of 27° on The 'passengers' are for the most The objective is to characterize the vibration environment during the launch phase. SPOT-5 Satellite Sensor (2.5m/5m) - Decommissioned. 42-44, 27) A. F. Popescu, B. Furch, “Status of the European developments for laser intersatellite communications,” SPIE, Vol. satisfy the requirements of users who are now familiar with space imagery. A new crater began erupting on June 4, 2011 in the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcano range in the Andes, near the Chile-Argentina border. En mars 1998, le satellite SPOT 4 a complété la famille SPOT en élargissant sa mission pour permettre à Spot Image de mieux répondre aux besoins des utilisateurs maintenant familiarisés avec l’utilisation des images spatiales. SPOT GEN4 Satellite GPS Messenger SPOT Gen4 gives you a critical, life-saving line of communication when you travel beyond the boundaries of reliable cellular service. SPOT 4 est composé de deux parties principales : ð La plate-forme. The data will be processed and distributed by the PTSC (Pôle Thématique Surfaces Continentales) and distributed to users by the end of June 2013. 17). Surface Reflectance Spot 4 (Take 5) Table of content. In March 1998 the SPOT 4 satellite added its new capabilites to the SPOT family thus enabling Spot Image to satisfy the requirements of users who are now familiar with space imagery. The Gen4 is the newest model in a long line of satellite messaging tech from SPOT. The range of elevation is from -10º to -35º, the range of azimuth motion is ±173º from a nominal zero position. The SPOT Gen4 is a compact, rugged, hand-held personnel tracker that supports location tracking and WHS (OH&S) check-in scheduling, as well as help and duress functions. POAM-III measurement extent in altitude ranges: Aerosols = 10-30 km; O2, O3 = 10-60 km; H2O = 10-40 km; NO2 = 20-40 km. part mounted on the payload. French optical military reconnaisance satellite based on Spot 4. Nos produits incluent : messagerie satellite bidirectionnelle avec SPOT X, GPS et messagerie unidirectionnelle avec SPOT Gen3, et suivi des biens et détection des vols avec SPOT Trace. For instance, one instrument acquires an image with the greatest possible Imagery satellite SPOT-4 is part of the second generation of satellites in the SPOT series. Altitude 822. 8), CESBIO took the opportunity to set up the Take-5 experiment at the end of SPOT-4's commercial life : this experiment will use SPOT-4 as a simulator to give the project a hint of the time series that ESA’s Sentinel-2 mission will provide. The optical head assembly of the outside instrument includes an azimuth-elevation gimbal mount to track the sun. 14). The satellites SPOT 4 (Satellite Probatoire de l'Observation de la Terre) was a second generation of SPOT earth observation satellite operated by Spot Image.. SPOT 4 used the improved bus design, which differed from the earlier SPOT series by having an increased lifetime of five years instead of three, a new extended platform design and service module, which can accommodate twice the payload. Launch: The SPOT-4 spacecraft was launched on March 24, 1998 on an Ariane-4 vehicle from Kourou. The divergence tolerance of the communication beam for the SILEX configuration is 8 μrad (or about 0.00046º). Figure 21: Illustration of the POAM-III instrument (image credit: NRL), 1) F. Achard, J. P. Malingreau, T. Phulpin, G. Saint, B. Saugier, B. Segun, D. Vidal-Madjar, “The Vegetation Instrument on Board SPOT-4 - A Mission for Global Monitoring of the Continental Biosphere,” LERTS brochure, Toulouse, 1990, 2) http://spot4.cnes.fr/spot4_gb/index.htm, 4) http://spot4.cnes.fr/spot4_gb/nouveau.htm#Les%20nouveaut%C3%A9s%20du%20satellite%20SPOT%204, 5) http://spot4.cnes.fr/spot4_gb/esbt.htm. Spot-4, l'espion des champs. The instrument collects radiation reflected by the earth's surface. The combination of high and low spatial resolutions (of HRVIR and Vegetation) provides a major contribution to the measurement of temporal changes over a few points or at certain time periods for a proper determination of the influence of the various kinds of ground cover. Features. Download Spot 4 Surface Reflectance Data . Each satellite supports 89 beams, giving a total coverage of approximately one-third of the Earth's surface per satellite. The ESBT is independent of the host satellite's mission, its only direct contact with the SPOT system being through the SPOT-4 operations control center. HRVIR calibration: The calibration system allows image signals to be corrected in two ways: (used at regular intervals to check and, if necessary, adjust the instrument response). al., “The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM-III) instrument and early validation results,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. Figure 9: Maneuver from position (70º) to nominal position (166º) two months later (image credit: SPOT Image) 19). Call for help! SPOT sells affordable satellite safety devices, delivering reliable location-based tracking, messaging and lifesaving S.O.S. 6) Information provided by Alain Lapeyre of CNES, Chef de Service Exploitation des Satellites de Télédétection. • In 2009/10, an anomaly occurred on the EAIM (Electronic supply of Inertial and Magnetic Actuators) subsystem involving the wheels command of satellite attitude control. Image, has been in operation since February 1986. PASTEC contains the following experiment packages (PASTEC package mass = 50 kg, power = 50 W): 28). • On January 9, 2008, some communications problems did arise with the SPOT-4 passenger instrument PASTEL (communications link to ARTEMIS). Spectral ranges: B1=0.50 - 0.59 µm, B2=0.61 - 068 µm, B3=0.79 - 0.89 µm, SWIR= 1.58 - 1.75 µm (a supplementary band in the 20 m multispectral mode at 1.58-1.75 µm is provided). 1.75 mm). Like its predecessors, Gen4 offers safety assurance with a push button S.O.S. Send messages from off-grid! Track SPOT 4 DEB now! In addition, a 10 Gbit solid-state memory was added to increase the overall onboard recording capability. SPOT Gen4 lets family, friends, and colleagues know you are OK, or if the unexpected should happen, sends your GPS location to emergency responders all with the push of a button. L’´energie n´ecessaire au fonctionnement du satellite SPOT 4 est d´elivr´ee par des capteurs solaires. later, after storage as described above, when the satellite passes over one of the two provide stereopairs). The instrument consists of a receiver (MVR- range rate measuring device), a USO (Ultrastable Oscillator) and an omnidirectional antenna, all carried on the host satellite. Available at REI, 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed. The measurement technique is by solar occultation through the Earth's atmospheric limb at nine wavelengths from the UV to NIR. The Vegetation package is an independent add-on payload to the SPOT satellite [the package includes the sensor, a solid-state recorder (up to 97 minutes of imagery), an X- and L-band telemetry subsystem, and a computer]. À l’occasion de sa journée portes ouvertes ce samedi, l’école d’aérospatiale expose une maquette à l’échelle 1/4 du satellite Spot 4, lancé par la fusée Ariane 40 le 23 mars 1998. Perigee: 680 km (420 mi). 22), Table 1: Overview of spectral bands of the HRVIR instrument. Nombre de satellites 2 Période de lancement SPOT 6 : T3 2012 SPOT 7 : T1 2014 Durée de vie nominale 10 ans Taille Module de service : ~ 1 ,55 x 1 ,75 x 2 ,7 m Envergure des panneaux solaires : 5,4 … The ESA family of Sentinel satellites is set to replace the Envisat satellite and meet requirements for the Copernicus services. » Satellites and sensors » SPOT 4. A first TAKE5 data set, the first production of THEIA (French Land Data Center), was released on July 15, 2013. At the end of life of each satellite, CNES issues a call for ideas for short-term experiments taking place before de-orbiting the satellite. The data is no longer exploited by experts since end of January 2011 due to unreliability of data delivery rate/frequency. These image data are compressed and formatted and then stored on the satellite, either Commander. Figure 20: LEO-GEO data transmission of SILEX (image credit: ESA), PASTEC (un PASsager TEChnologique de SPOT 4), PASTEC is a technology demonstration passenger payload to study the orbital environment. Same pointing geometries and resolution capabilities as HRV. • SILLAGE: Measurement of electrostatic potentials on the outside of the SPOT satellite which are due to the “wake” effect. In addition, the imaging instruments are no longer susceptible to glare or affected by the polarization of the incident light. SPOT-7 satellite will ensure service continuity of SPOT-7, SPOT- 4 and SPOT-5 satellites, which have been operating since 1998 and 2002. Hence, at some time in 2008, the PASTEL operations were simply retired since all repair initiatives did fail. When used with Tracertrak, the SPOT Gen4 is delivered complete and ready to go and provides a low cost Enterprise Grade worker safety solution for your remote and isolated personnel. The SPOT-4 S/C design differs from the earlier SPOT series (SPOT-1,2,3) in the following aspects: five years design lifetime instead of three; a new extended platform design, the SPOT-4 satellite bus referred to as SPOT MK2, [provided by MMS (Matra Marconi Space), Toulouse] and service module are employed accommodating twice the payload of the former SPOT 3 bus). SILEX consists of two optical terminals, namely PASTEL on board of SPOT-4 (a LEO terminal) on the anti-Earth side of the SPOT platform, and OPALE, mounted on ESA's geostationary satellite ARTEMIS (a GEO terminal). 0.003 albedo of 0.5, Table 2: Spectral parameters of the Vegetation instrument, Figure 15: Illustration of the enclosed Vegetation payload (image credit: CNES). Airbus DS - Technical info SPOT CNES - VEGETATION VITO - SPOT Vegetation CNES - SPOT DLR - World Data Center Atmosphere: Data ordering. 3.48 x 2.66 x 0.93 inches. short intervals and acquiring an image of the same scene from different perspectives (to Two ”master ” beacons serve as time and frequency references for the system and also handle uploading of the commands and data needed by the onboard receiver. The spreading code chip rate is 3 Mchip/s. SPOT Gen4 vous procure une ligne de communication essentielle pouvant vous sauver la vie lorsque vous voyagez hors des zones de couverture mobile. Le satellite d’observation de la Terre SPOT 4 (Fig. The 4 km resolution is obtained by agglomerating on-board 4 4 neighbouring image SPOT 4 SPOT SATELLITE TABLE 2 "Vegetation" main characteristics 211 Parameter Value Weight 160 kg Volume 0.7)< 1 )< 1 m3 Power 200 W Data rate 2 )< 500 kbits/sec Pixel coding 10 bits Telemetry frequency 8.2 GHz Recording memory 256 megabits TABLE 3 "Vegetation" image quality Radiometry Geometry … Whereas each station in the CNES TT&C network provides just 10 to 15 minutes of contact time per pass, the ESBT will offer 30 to 40 minutes continuous contact as a result of the considerably longer periods of contact between SPOT-4 and ARTEMIS (and considerably longer periods of contact between SPOT 4 and Artemis). However, this meant that SPOT-4 was getting closer to SPOT-5 in relative time. This was an important development upon previous SPOT satellites due to its inclusion of a ‘Vegetation‘ instrument.This instrument obtains data from four distinct spectral bands and has provided continuous worldwide crop monitoring between March 24, 1998 and Jan, 29, 2013. Also, an L-band telemetry subassembly is installed to send image data directly to ground stations. Figure 12: Illustration of the SWIR detector array (image credit: CNES), The main elements of HRVIR are: the telescope, the detection unit, the image processing electronics, and the viewing direction control mechanism. • to move to a position enabling the instrument to look at a calibration source. Only 25 images were lost during the whole mission due to X-band station failure. The azimuth and elevation axes move the line-of-sight parallel and perpendicular to the Earth's horizon. each side of the local vertical). The objective is to transmit imaging data from SPOT-4 to ARTEMIS. The SPOT Earth observation system designed by CNES and operated by its subsidiary, Spot The actuators employed are three magnetic-bearing reaction wheels, two magnetic torquers (to control the speed of the reaction wheels), and two types of hydrazine thrusters each producing a force of 3.5 N or 15 N. SPOT-4 offers increased onboard storage capacity (from 22 minutes to 40 minutes, corresponding to 240 Gbit), the pointing accuracy is <0.15º (3σ). The most important advance is the addition of the “Vegetation” instrument, with four spectral bands to allow continuous, worldwide crop monitoring. This data set has been reprocessed in August to take into account additional TAKE5 data, not yet received for the first processing, and correction of processing bugs. The ESBT is also being used to test the intersatellite link between SPOT-4 (in LEO) and ARTEMIS in GEO. The aim of this mission, managed by CNES, is to pave the way for the future Sentinel-2 mission. HRVIR (High-Resolution Visible and Infrared sensor): HRVIR consists of 2 pushbroom imaging units, an improved version of HRV. Inclination: 98.20 deg. 0.001 albedo ≤0.1 Il compl`ete la famille SPOT en ´elargissant sa mission pour permettre de mieux r´epondre aux besoins des utilisateurs d’images spatiales. Operational analysis studies conducted by CNES project a life expectancy to the end of 2012 for the SPOT-4 mission. memory (such as in computers) holding about 3 minutes of imaging time. To ensure continuity of service, SPOT 4 will have the same geometric imaging The SPOT Gen4 one-way GPS Satellite Messenger marks one of the latest solutions. SPOT4 est mort, vive Take five ! The laser diodes are of the GaAlAs type. During this period, a time series of SPOT-4 images were acquired every 5 days using 42 sites scattered over nearly all continents. • THERME: same goals as CEDRE, but highly simplified. tanks holding 158 kg of hydrazine. Each I-4 satellite provides around 200 narrow spot beams. the satellite's attitude and orbit. Equatorial crossing time 10:30:00. 10-20, 28) “PASTEC: Technology demonstration passenger,” URL: http://spot4.cnes.fr/spot4_gb/pastec.htm, 29) “Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM III),” URL: http://www.iapmw.unibe.ch/research/projects/issi/workshop1/presentations/Nedoluha%20POAM2.pdf, 30) R. L. Lucke, D. R. Korwan, et. Imagery satellite SPOT-4 is part of the second generation of satellites in the SPOT series. Le lancement Depending on the product, SPOT can send and receive communications. observed, is increased due to the fact that the two instruments generally operate This will be a major step forward, particularly when monitoring onboard operations that must be watched closely and continuously (e.g. telemetry (downlinking to the ground segment). etc. CNES started the TAKE5 mission 2 days later, until June 19, 2013 — after a mission extension for the Sentinel-2 project of ESA. The two terminals then remain locked on each other in closed-loop tracking, permitting subsequent communication. The word "SPOT," as it relates to outdoor adventure, has come to be nearly synonymous with satellite communications, thanks to the early and innovative efforts of the company. Adjustment is controlled by a stepper motor moving through increments of 0.3º. The objective is the measurement of the vertical distribution of atmospheric ozone, water vapor, nitrogen dioxide, aerosol extinction, and temperature. SPOT 1 was launched with the last Ariane 1 rocket on February 22, 1986. management of housekeeping data (subassembly status data) by its flight software or SPOT LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Globalstar, Inc. (NYSE American: GSAT) and leader in satellite messaging and emergency notification technologies, today announced SPOT Gen4™, the next generation of the SPOT Satellite GPS Messenger™. La maquette a été prêtée par le Centre national d’études spatiales (CNES). Launched 1998. In addition, the two HRVIR sensors can be programmed for independent image acquisition (viewing directions of both sensors are independent). The solar array consists of 5 panels (size of 25 m2) covered with solar cells (8640 silicon cells). Figure 16: View of the DORIS antenna (left) and MVR (right), image credit: CNES. Moreover its ability to cover a scene, the basic ground area to be The module itself is built around a central thrust tube, At the same time the system can be used to locate beacons on the ground. The eruption sent a huge plume of ash 10 km high and 5 km wide into the air that threatened the health of residents in the surrounding area. the instruments. This rugged, pocket-sized device is the perfect PPE safety gear featuring a one-click S.O.S. capabilities of the platform have been extended by upgrading most of the electrical The payload carries out the main mission. Figure 6: SPOT-4 image of the Mendoza Province, Argentina, observed on 11 January, 2013 (image credit: Astrium Geo-Information Services), • The SPOT-4 mission end is foreseen for the end of 2012. • As of May 1, 2006, the POAM-III passenger instrument operation became inactive due to an instrument failure (freeze of the optical head). Laser links have the potential to offer much higher transmission rates (up to 10 Gbit/s) than conventional radio links which are limited to rates of about 250 Mbit/s. Spacecraft Bus: SPOT-4. • In-band calibration (also referred to as CCD detector response normalization), the aim is to balance the response of the 3000 detectors in each band while the instrument views a perfectly uniform landscape. 10-day predictions. SPOT Gen4 lets family, friends, and colleagues know you are OK, or if the unexpected should happen by utilizing the Globalstar satellite network. The service module houses the battery compartment. interfacing with the launch vehicle (Ariane 4). This pointing accuracy is several orders of magnitude lower (i.e., better) than open-loop pointing of a typical platform. RF communications: An experimental spread-spectrum transceiver, ESBT (Experimental S-Band Terminal), built by Alcatel Espace under ESA contract. The new optical filters have a greater ability to withstand the space environment. SPOT Gen4 lets family, friends, and colleagues know you are OK, or if the unexpected should happen by utilizing the Globalstar satellite network. On suppose que le satellite, de centre d'inertie C, est un solide ponctuel. The transmission channel operates at 50 Megabits per SILEX (Semiconductor Intersatellite Link Experiment): SILEX is an ESA experiment built by MMS. main stations at Toulouse or Kiruna. subsystems (solar array, energy storage, performance of the onboard data handling - The PASTEC end of service could be decided by end of 2011, due to the end of data exploitation of ERCOS and SILLAGE experiences. geostationary, European Space Agency satellite, Artemis. 20) 21), Figure 10: First image transmitted by means of an optic laser between SPOT-4 and Artemis (image credit: ESA, Ref. second (which may be compared with Internet rates of the order of a few kilobytes per • CEDRE: Contamination and degradation of thermal control coatings in space. Concerning Vous restez ainsi connecté, même hors réseau mobile. However the service The detectors are silicon photodiodes operated in photovoltaic mode (data quantization of 15 bits). Observation of the Earth and its Environment. Cette carte satellite permet aussi de voir le relief détaillé de la France caractérisé par son "S" qui part du sud des Vosges, descend la vallée du Rhône et s'infléchit vers l'ouest pour partir à l'ouest sur le sud du Massif central et le nord des Pyrénées. Improvements were made in the electronic system that provides lower noise and more accurate measurements. The data may be used for crop forecasts and environmental studies. Spot-4 satellite has officially retired from service on January 11, 2013. It will be launched by an Ariane 40 version of the Arianespace launch vehicle (without strap-on boosters). 3525-3532, 25) G. Taverniera, H. Fagard, M. Feissel-Vernier, F. Lemoine, C. Noll, J. Ries, L. Soudarin, P. Willis, “The International DORIS Service,” Advances in Space Research, Vol. Send messages from off-grid! FOV = 4.13º corresponding to 60 km of ground coverage. Figure 13: Schematic of the HRVIR obliques viewing capability (image credit: CNES). Another advantage of laser links is that by their very nature, there can be no interference between optical and radio transmissions. This coverage was introduced with the I-4 satellites. used (incorporating a telescope, a calibration system and other devices). • ERCOS: Cosmic radiation experiment. a stable "optical bench" for the HRVIR and Vegetation payloads. An additional sensor for SPOT-4, called Vegetation or VMI (Vegetation Monitoring Instrument), with a ground swath width of 2200 km, and a resolution close to 1 km [European project with the cooperation of the EC, France (CNES), Sweden (SNSB), Belgium (OSTC) and Italy (ASI), designed by Aerospatiale as the prime contractor and built by SODERN of Limeil-Brivannes], providing the capability of wide-area monitoring of the Earth's vegetation (VMI features advanced optics that allow perfect geometrical rectification of the pictures despite the wide swath width. Indeed, the ERCOS data is received erratically since October 12, 2010 and the actions to try to recover ERCOS data permanent delivery have been ended on 15th of November 2010. - Comments and corrections to this article are always welcome for further updates. SPOT products include two-way satellite messaging with SPOT X, GPS and one-way messenging with SPOT Gen3 and asset tracking and theft detection with SPOT Trace, so you can stay connected when in or out of cellular coverage. The output voltage signals are fed to a multiplexer (prior to this, SWIR voltages are adjusted for dark current values), then to a single analog to digital converter(ADC). 15). The information compiled and edited in this article was provided by Herbert J. Kramer from his documentation of: ”Observation of the Earth and Its Environment: Survey of Missions and Sensors” (Springer Verlag) as well as many other sources after the publication of the 4th edition in 2002. This capability will significantly enhance the SPOT-4's housekeeping telemetry coverage. The other subsystems of PASTEC became inactive according to their life expectancy. either sent directly to Earth, if a receiving station is within range of the satellite, or Le capteur CCD de SPOT 4 est … - level 2A products (data orthorectified surface reflectance after atmospheric correction, along with clouds mask and their shadow, and mask of water and snow). Spacecraft: Helios 1A-1B. The gear: SPOT Gen4 Satellite GPS Messenger; Price: $150 (now on sale for $100) Service plan: $12-18 per month with an annual subscription; Design . SPOT 4 You are here. • Infoterra France SAS, a subsidiary of Astrium, has merged with Spot Image SA effective 3 May 2010. The SPOT® Gen4 Satellite GPS Messenger gives you a critical, life-saving line of communication when you travel beyond the boundaries of reliable cellular service. To avoid potential conflicts in the data acquisition of the ground stations, the orbital altitude of SPOT-4 was increased slightly (for a certain period) to reverse the drift situation. The service module is basically the same, but its equipment, structure and flight De février à fin mai 2013, SPOT-4 est utilisé par le CNES pour réaliser une répétition du mode de fonctionnement opérationnel du satellite Sentinel-2 de l'Agence spatiale européenne (ESA) qui doit être lancé 18 mois plus tard [8]. SPOT Gen4 permet à vos proches et à vos collègues de savoir que vous allez bien, ou si un événement inattendu devait se produire, de recourir au réseau satellite Globalstar. SPOT GEN4 Satellite GPS Messenger SPOT Gen4 gives you a critical, life-saving line of communication when you travel beyond the boundaries of reliable cellular service. 4 satellite added its new capabilites to the SPOT family thus enabling Spot Image to Since 1986 the SPOT family of satellites has been orbiting the Earth and has already taken more than 10 million high quality images. SPOT 4 DEB. Apogee: 682 km (423 mi). Explore Magazine editor David Webb takes a look at the brand-new SPOT Gen4 satellite GPS messenger. Figure 7: SPOT-4 image (June 25, 2011) of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcano range 800 km south of Santiago, Chile (image credit: Astrium Geo-Information Services), • The SPOT-4 spacecraft and its payload are “operating nominally” in 2011. 12), • On June 25, 2011, SPOT-4 captured a new volcano eruption in Chile (Figure 7). Over 6.8 million images of the Earth have been acquired since then. The telescope (catadioptric Schmidt telescope type) has a focal length of 1.08 m and an aperture of 3.5. Improvements: introduction of electronic sensor gains matching according to landscape type and season, thus ensuring greater dynamic range. The main The oblique viewing technique is used in three ways: • to acquire imagery, in response to programming requests, anywhere within an observable corridor extending 450 km to either side of the satellite ground track, corresponding to oblique viewing between the extreme angles of ± 27º, • to acquire any given scene from two viewing angles to yield a stereo-pair for stereo restitution and relief mapping. Archived SPOT-5 Satellite Imagery will remain available. The receiver takes Doppler shift measurements of 400 MHz and 2 GHz radio signals transmitted by the beacons. Launch Date - End 24 March 1998 - 11 January 2013. Over 4,000 people have been evacuated. In addition, an X-band telemetry subassembly provides downlink transmission of stored image data. The two HRVIRs for High Resolution Visible and Infrared, are telemetry downlinks, command uplinks and tracking. Le satellite d'observation SPOT 4 est plac sur une orbite polaire ( c'est dire passant la verticale des p les ) suppos e circulaire dans le r f rentiel d' tude, une altitude h= 830 km et sa p riode de r volution est T = 101 min. A joint ESA/CNES passenger demonstration experiment. Silicon linear detector arrays are used for spectral band B0 (blue), B2 (red) and B3 (near infrared), while InGaAs photodiodes (Thomson CSF) are used for the SWIR (Short Wave Infrared) band. In March 1998 the SPOT  It enables repeated observations of the same area at The scene covers an area of approximately 60 km x 60 km, from the southern limits of the city of Orange (right at the top) to the shores of the delta and the town of Saintes-Mairies de la Mer (right at the bottom). In all, PASTEL provided slightly less than 5 years of service for free-space communication transmissions between ARTEMIS and SPOT-4. The SPOT Gen4 is the latest in their line-up and continues the trend established by their original product. Each of the nine wave bands is measured by a separate optical channel. 7) Laurence Houpert, Frédéric Daniaud, Olivier Hagolle, Sylvia Sylvander, Jordane Sarda, Sylvain Ramos, Grégory Beaumet, R. Broca, Michel Moulin, Lionel Vintenat, Jean-Marc Walter, François Rimbert, Michael Wheeler, Jean-Pascal Chognard, Steeve Maitrel, Jérôme Bijac, Jean-Louis Raynaud, J. Recoules, L. Bray, “Take five experiment : using end of SPOT-4 satellite operational life for simulating the future Sentinel-2 mission,” Proceedings of the 64th International Astronautical Congress (IAC 2013), Beijing, China, Sept. 23-27, 2013, paper: IAC-13-B6.2.10, 8) “SPOT 4 undertakes new mission before being de-orbited,” Astrium Services, 2013, URL: http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/4612-spot-4-undertakes-new-mission-before-being-de-orbited, 9) “A new French Data Center dedicated to Land Surfaces,” CESBIO, Jan. 9, 2013, URL: http://www.cesbio.ups-tlse.fr/multitemp/?tag=products, 10) “End of commercial operations of SPOT 4 satellite,” ScanEx RDC, Jan. 15, 2013, URL: http://press.scanex.ru/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=3724:spot4&lang=en, 11) J. N. Hourcastagnou, P. Cales, “GSCB Workshop Presentation SPOT / AstroTerra,” 3rd GSCB (Ground Segment Coordination Body) Workshop, 2012, ESA/ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, June 6-7, 2012, URL: http://earth.esa.int/gscb/papers/2012/16b-ASTRIUM_SPOT-AstoTerra.pdf, 12) Information provided by Laurence Houpert of CNES (for the SPOT mission team), Toulouse, France, 13) “New Volcano Eruption in Chile,” Astrium, 2011, URL: http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/153-new-volcano-eruption-in-chile, 14) Information provided by Laurence Houpert of CNES, Toulouse, France, 15) “Archive hits 100 billion sq.km,” SPOT magazine No 48, 1st semester 2010, 16) “SPOT 4 opened the 2010 imaging season,” URL: http://mycoordinates.org/spot-4-opened-the-2010-imaging-season/, 17) Information provided by Frédéric Tavera, SPOT Mission Exploitation Manager of CNES, Toulouse, France, 18) “Operational monitoring of wildfires,” SPOT magazine No 49, 2nd semester 2010, 19) http://www.csrsr.ncu.edu.tw/.../Update%20SPOT%204.pdf, 20) “A world first: data transmission between European satellites using laser light,” Nov. 21, 2001, URL: http://eu.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=6668, 21) “Perfect images transmitted via a laser link between Artemis and SPOT 4,” Dec. 6, 2001, URL: http://www.esa.int/esaCP/ESAI8MZ84UC_index_0.html, 22) http://spot4.cnes.fr/spot4_gb/hrvir.htm, 23) Information provided by T. Genet of CNES, Toulouse, 24) R. H. Frazer, Z. Li, R. Landry, “SPOT Vegetation for characterizing boreal forest fires,” International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.

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