It includes reports of unlawful killings in situations of significant internal conflict. It also reviews the government’s extension of assistance and protection to refugees, including protection against refoulement, the provision of temporary protection, and support for voluntary repatriation, longer-term integration opportunities, and resettlement in another country. Later this year, the Department of State will release an addendum to each 2020 country report that expands the subsection on women in Section 6, entitled “Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons,” to include a broader range of issues related to reproductive rights. The United States is committed to using its voice and position on the world stage to draw attention to these violations and abuses of human rights, and to promote accountability for human rights violators and abusers. Added an “I” to Casse Nationale pour la Securite Sociale, in Section 7.d. This definition does not include “work or service” where obligations to work or serve are imposed in order to receive education or training. Significant human rights issues included: reports of arbitrary killings; suspicious deaths of persons in custody; forced disappearances; torture; arbitrary arrest and detention of tens of thousands of persons, including former opposition members of parliament, lawyers, journalists, foreign citizens, and employees of the U.S. Mission, for purported ties to “terrorist” groups or peaceful legitimate speech; the existence … Home | News & Events | 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices . This annual report, called the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices but commonly known as the Human Rights Report (HRR), provides information that is used by Congress, the Executive Branch, and courts in making policies and/or decisions; thus accurate information on human rights conditions is critical. Freedom of Movement:  Discusses whether and under what circumstances governments exiled citizens; restricted internal and foreign travel, including for women or members of minority populations; and revoked passports. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Other marginalized populations, including older persons, persons with disabilities, and LGBTQI+ persons, experienced particular vulnerability. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. On March 22, Human Rights Watch issued a report documenting alleged abuses, including torture, by security forces against 20 minors as young as 12 while under arrest between 2014 and 2019. The summary does not include many other common issues, such as overcrowding in prisons and societal discrimination, but these matters continue to be covered in the body of the reports. Rollout Preparation:  Jessica Adams, Dhuha Baig, Ryan Burris, Karlygash Faillace, Carol Finerty, Caitlin Hawes, Stacy MacTaggert, Eunice Mooney, Nicholas Murphy, Lauren Pagan. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of person. 03 / Select Countries You can add more than one country or area. As President Biden emphasized, “We must start with diplomacy rooted in America’s most cherished democratic values: defending freedom, championing opportunity, upholding universal rights, respecting the rule of law, and treating every person with dignity.”  Transparency and accountability are integral to this process. The reports cover deaths in detention due to adverse conditions in subsection 1.c., under Prison and Detention Center Conditions. 2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Democratic People's Republic of Korea BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ANNOUNCEMENT: The Department of State will release an addendum to this report in mid 2021 that expands the subsection on Women in Section 6 to include a broader range of issues The guiding principles were that all information be reported objectively, thoroughly, and fairly. It includes subsections on Internally Displaced Persons (if applicable), Protection of Refugees (if applicable), and Stateless Persons (if applicable). An example is a reduction in information on prison conditions when there have not been allegations of inadequate conditions. The section of each report on freedom of association also covers the right to strike. Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge. The first report covered the year 1976, issued i… Accordingly, the reports use “generally respected” as a standard phrase to describe countries that attempt to protect and promote human rights in the fullest sense, and it is thus the highest level of respect for human rights assigned by these reports. MARCH 30, 2021 The annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – the Human Rights Reports – cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international agreements. By publishing these reports, we reaffirm the United States’ longstanding commitment to advancing human rights and fundamental freedoms. While the section generally excludes combat deaths and killings by non-state actors , it does cover killings by such actors as opposition groups, terrorists, or widespread killings by criminal groups. الصفحة الرئيسية | News & Events | 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Egypt. In the age of the Internet, the underlying data is readily available. Occasionally the Reports state that a country “generally respected” the rights of individuals. Governments should promote mechanisms for voluntary negotiations between employers and workers and their organizations. Many states and municipalities also have enacted protections against discrimination and harassment based on sexual orientation, status as a parent, marital status, and political affiliation. A subsection Coercion in Population Control changes the former focus from general “reproductive rights” and maternal health issues to comply with the requirement of U.S. law that we report on coercive family planning practices, such as coerced abortion and involuntary sterilization. on Religious Freedom provides a hyperlink to the most recent International Religious Freedom Report, which also contains material on anti-Semitism. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association:  Evaluates the ability of individuals, including with others (such as through political parties) to exercise these freedoms. If applicable, it also includes optional subsections on National/Racial/Ethnic Minorities, Indigenous People, HIV and AIDS Social Stigma, Other Societal Violence or Discrimination, and Promotion of Acts of Discrimination. Coverage of the right to organize and bargain collectively includes a review of the extent to which collective bargaining takes place and the extent to which workers, both in law and practice, are protected against antiunion discrimination. (The Country Reports address allegations of abuses by government or opposition forces, such as killing, torture and other violence, or restriction of voting rights or freedom of expression that discriminate against specific groups, under the appropriate preceding sections.). The Russian government has targeted political dissidents and peaceful protestors, while official corruption remained rampant. It includes subsections on Internally Displaced Persons (if applicable), Protection of Refugees (if applicable), and Stateless Persons (if applicable). New for the 2020 reporting season is coverage of adverse country actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that have a negative impact on human rights. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In similar fashion, some governments may distort or exaggerate abuses attributed to opposition groups. http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries, Stigma Index: It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. The U. S. Department of Labor contributes to material in section 7 on worker rights (see Appendix B for more detail). Deleted the third paragraph of Section 2.f. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. U.S. law defines forced labor as knowingly providing or obtaining the labor or services of a person by force or threats of force, serious harm or threats of serious harm to that person or another person, abuse or threatened abuse of law or legal process, or any scheme, plan, or pattern intended to cause the person to believe that, if that person did not perform such labor or services, that person or another person would suffer serious harm or physical restraint. “A minimum age for employment” is related to the effective abolition of child labor because it requires a minimum age for employment that is consistent with the fullest physical and mental development of young people. Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. The subsections Elections and Political Participation and Participation of Women and Minorities assess whether elections were free and fair, including whether women and minorities had the opportunity to participate on an equal basis. Bureau officers also consulted experts in the Department of State and elsewhere on worker rights, refugee issues, police and security issues, women’s issues, and legal matters, among many others. Acts of Congress mandate the annual submission of the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. Most governments and opposition groups deny they commit human rights violations or abuses and occasionally go to great lengths to conceal any wrongdoing. Reluctance to report abuse–by women, children, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or intersex persons (LGBTI), and members of other groups–is, of course, often a factor in the underreporting of abuses. Furthermore, the section covers prison and detention center conditions and deaths in such facilities due to poor conditions or mistreatment. Refworld is the leading source of information necessary for taking quality decisions on refugee status. The subsection on Women discusses violence against women, such as domestic violence, rape, female genital mutilation/cutting, dowry deaths, and “honor killings.”  Information is included on any government tolerance of, and efforts to prevent, such practices, as well as the extent to which women have access to equality of economic opportunity and protection from discrimination and sexual harassment. Worker rights are discussed in each country report under the section heading “Worker Rights” in five subsections:  freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining; prohibition of forced or compulsory labor; prohibition of worst forms of child labor and minimum age for employment; prohibition of discrimination with respect to employment and occupation; and acceptable conditions of work. Particularly helpful for citation are NGOs, whether within a single country or those with an international perspective. In Turkmenistan, citizens criticizing the government faced possible arrest for treason, and the whereabouts of more than 100 political prisoners remain unknown. The reports cover deaths in detention due to adverse conditions in subsection 1.c., under Prison and Detention Center Conditions. For example, requiring applicants to be a certain height could disproportionately exclude women and members of some ethnic groups. NOTE: The 2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices were released on March 30, 2021. The annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – the Human Rights Reports – cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights … The cause of human rights, freedom, and dignity is close to the American heart. Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. Any reports of the unlawful use of child soldiers by either government forces or by other organized armed groups are discussed in this subsection. The Department strives to make the reports comprehensive, objective, and uniform in scope. Such links are consolidated in Appendix C. Evaluating the credibility of reports of human rights violations and abuses remains difficult. Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/overview/en/index.html  and http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/monitoring/maternal-mortality-2015/en/, UN Population Division 2018 World Contraceptive Use: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/dataset/contraception/wcu2018.shtml, Demographic and Health Survey: Significant human rights issues included: the existence of criminal libel laws; unsafe and unhealthy conditions for migrant and asylum-seeking populations detained in preremoval facilities or residing at the country’s six reception and identification centers, including gender-based violence against refugee women and children in reception facilities; allegations of refoulement of refugees; acts of … 13 April 2016. dhsprogram.com/Where-We-Work/, Population Council: Added “(Islas Malvinas)” after references to Falklands or Falkland Islands in Section 7.c, paragraphs 4 and 5. Politically Motivated Reprisal Against Individuals Located Outside the Country (If applicable):  This section includes credible information regarding a country that, during the year, attempted to misuse international law enforcement tools, such as Interpol systems, for politically motivated reprisals against individuals and related efforts by a country to exert bilateral pressure on another country aimed at having that country take adverse action against an individual. http://mics.unicef.org/, World Health Organization: The pandemic impacted not only individuals’ health, but their abilities to safely enjoy their human rights and fundamental freedoms. Domestic human rights observers indicated that the Ombudsman’s Office and the human rights commission were unable to stop human rights abuses or punish perpetrators. Resolution 217(A)(III) of the United Nations General Assembly, We are proud, 244 years later, to remain a leader in the effort to champion human rights and democratic ideals. http://idrmnet.org/, Disability Rights International: The U. S. Department of Labor contributes to material in section 7 on worker rights (see Appendix B for more detail). The ILO has noted that indirect discrimination occurs where rules or practices appear on the surface to be neutral but in practice lead to unwarranted exclusions. During the year the office occasionally briefed media and issued reports on complaints it had investigated. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The “prohibition on the worst forms of child labor” looks to ILO Convention 182, which defines anyone under the age of 18 as a child, and specifies certain types of employment as “the worst forms of child labor.” These worst forms of labor include slavery, debt bondage, forced labor, forced recruitment into armed conflict, child prostitution and pornography, involvement in illicit activity such as drug production or trafficking, and work that, “by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children.”. See below for resources on issues noted in the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. The discussion of worker rights considers not only laws, statutes, and regulations but also their practical application. Added an “s” to “he” in Section 1.c, paragraph 1. The cause of human rights, freedom, and dignity is close to the American heart. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor be denied the right to change his nationality. http://www.watchlist.org/, 2015-16 Demographic and Health Survey: It cannot be stated with absolute accuracy that any government fully respects these rights at all times without qualification, even in the best of circumstances. Section 2.c. Home | News & Events | 2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Georgia Executive Summary ANNOUNCEMENT: The Department of State will release an addendum to this report in mid 2021 that expands the subsection on Women in Section 6 to include a broader range of issues related to reproductive rights. U.S. law prohibits discrimination in respect to employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, genetic information, or age. UN Interagency on Women and Gender Equality: Secretary’s Office of Global Women’s Issues, U. S. Department of State: UN Population Division 2018 World Contraceptive Use: UN Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict: Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict: Office of The Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism: Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, State Department: Disability Rights Promotion International: Administration and Cost of Elections Project: Ideanet International Disability Rights Monitor: National Human Rights Institutions Forum: United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights’ section on Indigenous Rights: International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission: International Lesbian and Gay Association – Europe (ILGA-EUROPE). Freedom of Religion:  Provides a hyperlink to the Department of State’s International Religious Freedom Report. Defense of human rights includes our commitment to address the destructive effects that oppression causes across the world. The subsection Civil Procedures and Remedies notes whether there is access to an independent and impartial court or other competent authority to seek a remedy, whether damages for, or cessation of, an alleged human rights violation. Corruption and Lack of Transparency in Government:  Covers allegations of corruption in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government and actions taken to combat it. All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. Click Build a Report to create a custom report across countries/areas and topics. This definition does not include “work or service” where obligations to work or serve are imposed in order to receive education or training. The subsection Political Prisoners and Detainees covers persons convicted, imprisoned, or detained essentially for political beliefs or nonviolent acts of dissent or expression, particularly based on overly broad and sweeping charges intended to stifle the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms. The ILO further notes that constitutional provisions concerning the obligation of citizens to work do not violate this right so long as they do not take the form of legal obligations enforced by sanctions and are consistent with the principle of “freely chosen employment.”. The International Labor Organization (ILO), in its 1998 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, sets forth these principles and rights at work as follows:  freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor; the effective abolition of child labor; and the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. Click Step 1 to select the topics, Step 2 to select the countries/areas to be included in the report… http://www.dpi.org/, Disability Rights Promotion International: Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons:  Contains subsections on Women; Children; Anti-Semitism; Trafficking in Persons; Persons with Disabilities; Acts of Violence, Discrimination, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. The addendum will cover maternal health issues such as maternal mortality, government policy adversely affecting access to contraception, access to skilled healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth, access to emergency healthcare, and discrimination against women in accessing sexual and reproductive health care, including for sexually transmitted infections. National laws should specify whether workers in the informal sector are covered, and whether or not any other group of workers or sectors of the economy are excluded. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation-and-cutting/, Population Reference Bureau: www.GlobalEquality.org, Global Rights: All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection. This subsection also includes reports concerning any restriction on medical facilities or services in a situation of significant internal conflict. Meanwhile in Cuba, government restrictions continued to suppress the freedoms of expression, association, religion or belief, and movement. The reports cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. “The 44 th annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices provide carefully researched, factual, and objective information on actions foreign governments are taking – or not taking – to demonstrate observance of and respect for internationally recognized human rights and fundamental freedoms. They called for governmental protection of their human rights and fundamental freedoms, safeguards for free and fair elections, and an end to discrimination. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Notes on Preparation of the Country Reports and Explanatory Material, UN General Assembly Third Committee Votes 2020, China (Includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet), https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population-dashboard, www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/Preventing_gender-biased_sex_selection.pdf, https://www.state.gov/bureaus-offices/bureaus-and-offices-reporting-directly-to-the-secretary/office-of-global-womens-issues, http://www.childinfo.org/fgmc_progress.html, https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation-and-cutting/, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.530?lang=en, http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/overview/en/index.html, http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/monitoring/maternal-mortality-2015/en/, http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/dataset/contraception/wcu2018.shtml, https://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/SOTA_Synthesis_2016_FINAL.pdf, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/, https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/child/en/, https://www.state.gov/bureaus-offices/under-secretary-for-civilian-security-democracy-and-human-rights/office-of-the-special-envoy-to-monitor-and-combat-anti-semitism/, http://www.state.gov/trafficking-in-persons-report, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/CRPDIndex.aspx, https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/ipeoples/Pages/IndigenousPeoplesIndex.aspx, https://www.amnestyusa.org/issues/gender-sexuality-identity/, www.humanrightsfirst.org/discrimination/pages.aspx?id=157, www.hrw.org/en/category/topic/lgbt-rights, http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries, https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Scholars-at-Risk-Free-to-Think-2019.pdf. As defined in the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, refugees generally are persons outside their country of nationality or, if stateless, outside their country of former habitual residence, who are unable or unwilling to return to that country based on a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. Governments should promote mechanisms for voluntary negotiations between employers and workers and their organizations. It reports on national human rights commissions, parliamentary commissions, and relations with international human rights organizations. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed. Executive Summary. https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/child/en/, UN Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict: The “prohibition on the worst forms of child labor” looks to ILO Convention 182, which defines anyone under the age of 18 as a child, and specifies certain types of employment as “the worst forms of child labor.”  These worst forms of labor include slavery, debt bondage, forced labor, forced recruitment into armed conflict, child prostitution and pornography, involvement in illicit activity such as drug production or trafficking, and work that, “by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children.”. country reports on human rights practices report subxrrrm to tm committee on international relations u.s. house of representatives a" committee on foreign relations u.s. senate by t department of state in accordance with sections 116(d) and 502b(b) of the foreign assistance act … www.hrw.org/en/category/topic/lgbt-rights, International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission: Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. http://www.errc.org/, UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights’ section on Indigenous Rights:  https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/ipeoples/Pages/IndigenousPeoplesIndex.aspx, Amnesty International: Everyone who works has the right to just and favorable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. The U.S. government does not stand alone in this commitment to human rights for all individuals. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children. http://www.miusa.org, National Human Rights Institutions Forum: The Department seeks to identify those groups (for example, government forces) or individuals for whom available evidence indicates probable involvement in human rights violations or abuses or other problematic conduct. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. Some governments used the crisis as a pretext to restrict rights and consolidate authoritarian rule. Acts of Congress mandate the annual submission of the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. https://www.amnestyusa.org/issues/gender-sexuality-identity/, Council for Global Equality: Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. The Department updates these texts by year’s end. The subsection examines, among other matters, whether there is violence or discrimination against members of resident stateless populations in employment, education, housing, health services, marriage or birth registration, access to courts, or the owning of property. www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/Preventing_gender-biased_sex_selection.pdf, Secretary’s Office of Global Women’s Issues, U. S. Department of State: Many governments that profess to respect human rights in principle may in fact secretly order or tacitly condone violations or abuses. The 2020 report reflects the unique challenges that nations had to confront as the COVID-19 virus spread throughout the world. The section of each report on freedom of association also covers the right to strike. Removed sourcing from first sentence of paragraph 5 of Section 2.g. Some specific guidelines derived from these are discussed below. Experience teaches that government officials who oppress, abuse, and tolerate the denial of the human rights of their own people are also responsible for creating social environments that are ripe for both economic and humanitarian crises, and that encourage corruption, violent conflict, and terrorism. The subsection Political Prisoners and Detainees covers persons convicted, imprisoned, or detained essentially for political beliefs or nonviolent acts of dissent or expression, particularly based on overly broad and sweeping charges intended to stifle the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms. To avoid being too repetitive, we do not make this point every time we cover a particular issue, but readers should be aware that it is a significant factor in these kinds of abuses in all countries and cultures.

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