Non ! Écrivain français né à Tours en 1799, décédé à Paris en 1850, Balzac (qui ajoutera une particule à son nom en 1831) est issu de la petite bourgeoisie provinciale. Then he tried a business career as a publisher, printer, and owner of a typefoundry, but disaster soon followed. [81] In late April the newly-weds set off for Paris. His relationship with his family was often strained by financial and personal drama, and he lost more than one friend over critical reviews. [10], Balzac's mother, born Anne-Charlotte-Laure Sallambier, came from a family of haberdashers in Paris. In: This page was last edited on 6 May 2021, at 18:47. "Finished articles" were frequently revised between editions. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). ), . Honoré de Balzac L'Oeuvre de BALZAC. [120], Gustave Flaubert was also substantially influenced by Balzac. Thus began a fifteen-year correspondence between Balzac and "the object of [his] sweetest dreams": Ewelina Hańska. [72] In this letter, Balzac also reveals that the young woman had just come to tell him she was pregnant with his child. A symbolic inheritance. A la fois critique littéraire, essayiste, dramaturge, journaliste, imprimeur, on retient surtout de lui son immense production romanesque. Owing to his keen observation of detail and unfiltered representation of society, Balzac is regarded as one of the founders of realism in European literature. They agreed to marry when her husband died, and so Balzac continued to conduct his courtship of her by correspondence; the resulting Lettres à l’étrangère (“Letters to a Foreigner”), which appeared posthumously (4 vol., 1889–1950), are an important source of information for the history both of Balzac’s life and of his work. To clear his debts and put himself in a position to marry Madame Hanska now became Balzac’s great incentive. In 1833 Balzac released Eugénie Grandet, his first best-seller. Les Chouans (1828); La Peau de chagrin 1830; Le Chef-d'œuvre inconnu 1831; Le Colonel Chabert 1832; Le Médecin de campagne 1832; Eugénie Grandet 1833; Histoire des Treize, comprenant : . Né d'un père fonctionnaire impérial, Honoré de Balzac est mis en nourrice et grandit loin d'une mère qui lui préfère un enfant illégitime. Inanimate objects are imbued with character as well; the city of Paris, a backdrop for much of his writing, takes on many human qualities. This was to be Balzac's life work and his greatest achievement. Sparte s'était emparée de l a citadelle de Thèbes par trahison, et avait imposé aux Thébains, pour gouverneur, le tyran Archias. [42] Balzac had better luck publishing the Memoirs of the Duchess of Abrantès, with whom he also had a love affair. Balzac quickly turned to longer works, and by 1826 he had written nine novels, all published under pseudonyms and often produced in collaboration with other writers. Marx, Karl and Engels, Frederick Engels (1947). [114] His mission was to observe humankind in its most representative state, frequently wandering through the streets incognito among the masses of Parisian society to undertake his research. [97], Balzac sought to present his characters as real people, neither fully good nor fully evil, but completely human. [35] Saintsbury indicates that Robert Louis Stevenson tried to dissuade him from reading these early works of Balzac. Once such an obsession has gained a hold, Balzac shows it growing irresistibly in power and blinding the person concerned to all other considerations. Many of Balzac's tormented characters were conceived in the chateau's small second-floor bedroom. He had told me that he found indescribable delight in reading dictionaries for lack of other books. [93] Plentiful descriptions of décor, clothing, and possessions help breathe life into the characters. Balzac's literary mood evolved over time from one of despondency and chagrin to that of solidarity and courage—but not optimism. "Le Notaire". The six stories in his Scènes de la vie privée (1830; “Scenes from Private Life”) further increased his reputation. Honore de Balzac Great Man Great Man The smallest flower is a thought, a life answering to some feature of the Great Whole, of whom they have a persistent intuition. "Honoré de Balzac, una creatività "sempre recidiva, mai stanca" – Con lui il romanzo s'è fatto uomo", su "Ricorditi di me...", in "Lecco 2000", Lecco, febbraio 1999. Il y a 6 sections internationales à la cité Honoré de Balzac à … [129] In his own novels James explored more of the psychological motives of the characters and less of the historical sweep exhibited by Balzac—a conscious style preference; he stated: "the artist of the Comédie Humaine is half smothered by the historian". Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Au début il n'a aucun succès, mais quand il rencontre Mme de Berny en 1822 qui lui apporte son aide, ses œuvres commencent à prendre de l'importance. I should think I do! Photo based on daguerrotype of 1842 Revised Detail Sculptures . At his memorial service, Victor Hugo pronounced "Today we have people in black because of the death of the man of talent; a nation in mourning for a man of genius". 20 Gulane 1799, Tours - m. 18 Tebaxe 1850), yew nuştekaro Fransız biyo.. Bibliyografiye. I should be like everyone else. [100], At the same time, the characters depict a particular range of social types: the noble soldier, the scoundrel, the proud workman, the fearless spy, the alluring mistress. ")[23] Balzac himself attributed his condition to "intellectual congestion", but his extended confinement in the "alcove" was surely a factor. Stowe, William W. (1983). C’est au cours des années 1820 qu’il décide de devenir écrivain. [11] As the author and literary critic Sir Victor Pritchett explained, "She was certainly drily aware that she had been given to an old husband as a reward for his professional services to a friend of her family and that the capital was on her side. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Honore-de-Balzac, Honoré de Balzac - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Quoted in Robb, 44. Au bout de deux ans, l’imprimerie fera faillite. Balzac n'était d'une terre et d'un milieu naturel que par hasard et tourangeau que d'occasion, alors que Chateaubriand était bret… He tried to enforce strict impartiality in its pages and a reasoned assessment of various ideologies. Who invented the historical novel? [13][14], As an infant Balzac was sent to a wet nurse; the following year he was joined by his sister Laure and they spent four years away from home. Balzac worked these scenes from his boyhood—as he did many aspects of his life and the lives of those around him—into La Comédie humaine. His father, born Bernard-François Balssa, was one of eleven children from an artisan family in Tarn, a region in the south of France. This was an unhappy time in his life, during which he attempted suicide on a bridge over the Loire River. Jeta. The individual in Balzac’s stories is continually affected by the pressure of material difficulties and social ambitions, and he may expend his tremendous vitality in ways Balzac views as socially destructive and self-destructive. Today the chateau is a museum dedicated to the author's life.[70]. "To arrive at the truth", he wrote in the preface to Le Lys dans la vallée, "writers use whatever literary device seems capable of giving the greatest intensity of life to their characters". Honoré de Balzac Honoré de Balzac [onoré d balzak] (20. května 1799, Tours – 18. srpna 1850, Paříž), byl francouzský spisovatel, představitel realismu a romantismu. Honoré de Balzac’s great theme was money, and in his best-loved novel, OLD GORIOT, he explored its uses and abuses with the particularity of a poet. Citations de Honoré de Balzac. )[24], In 1814 the Balzac family moved to Paris, and Honoré was sent to private tutors and schools for the next two and a half years. He wrote from 1 am to 8 am every morning and sometimes even longer. [15] (Although Genevan philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau's influential book Émile convinced many mothers of the time to nurse their own children, sending babies to wet nurses was still common among the middle and upper classes.) This revelation from French journalist Roger Pierrot in 1955 confirmed what was already suspected by several historians: the dedicatee of the novel Eugénie Grandet, a certain "Maria", turns out to be Maria Du Fresnay herself. In Balzac Countess Ewelina found a kindred spirit for her emotional and social desires, with the added benefit of feeling a connection to the glamorous capital of France. [9] After the Reign of Terror (1793–94), François Balzac was despatched to Tours to coordinate supplies for the Army. Frequently his villains are more vigorous and interesting than his virtuous characters. Honoré de Balzac est un écrivain majeur du 19 e siècle. He followed his father in the surname Balzac but added the aristocratic-sounding nobiliary particle to help him fit into respected society, a choice based on skill rather than by right. I had the honour of escorting him to the dungeon more than a hundred times! Sa mère l'envoie à l'âge de huit ans chez les oratoriens de Vendôme, où il reste pensionnaire pendant six ans et semble préférer la lecture à des études qu'il achèvera cependant à Paris (1814-1816). Honoré de Balzac par Maxime Dastugue d'après Louis Boulanger J. Allen St. John's portrait, from Boulanger's sepia drawing Balzac par Louis Boulanger, portrait original (M.B.A. de Tours) Photos . [101] That Balzac was able to balance the strength of the individual against the representation of the type is evidence of the author's skill. [47] It established him as an author of note (even if its historical fiction-genre imitates that of Sir Walter Scott) and provided him with a name outside his past pseudonyms. [39][40], In the late 1820s Balzac dabbled in several business ventures, a penchant his sister blamed on the temptation of an unknown neighbour. [107] Balzac said, "the streets of Paris possess human qualities and we cannot shake off the impressions they make upon our minds. Mumu Dans le Bocage sur Petites misères de la vie conjugale de Honoré De Balzac. [87] The funeral was attended by "almost every writer in Paris", including Frédérick Lemaître, Gustave Courbet, Dumas père and Dumas fils,[88] as well as representatives of the Légion d'honneur and other dignitaries.[89]. Date de parution : 2001 (1ere parution : 1830) Editions : Le Livre de Poche . HONORÉ DE BALZAC PAR THÉOPHILE GAUTIER M. DE BALZAC, SES OEUVRES ET SON INFLUENCE SUR LA LITTÉRATURE CONTEMPORAINE REVUE DES ROMANS PAR EUSÈBE GIRAULT DE SAINT-FARGEAU LA MORT DE BALZAC BIOGRAPHIE LES CITATIONS Honoré de Balzac : Oeuvres complètes 101 titres et annexes Extrait Honoré de Balzac : Oeuvres complètes Honoré de Balzac According to the literary critic Kornelije Kvas, "Balzac's use of the same characters (Rastignac, Vautrin) in different parts of The Human Comedy is a consequence of the realist striving for narrative economy". Updates? [90] He frequently flitted between works in progress. He then rose and wrote for many hours, fueled by innumerable cups of black coffee. From this point forward Balzac spent much of his time in Paris. Balzac visited the Château de Saché in Touraine which was owned by his friend Jean de Margonne (who was also his mother's lover), between 1830 and 1837, and wrote many of his novels in the series "La Comedie Humaine" there. Born in 1799 on Saint Honoré’s day, 20 May, in Tours, France, Balzac would only later add the French particle de to his name though it is not clear why. This was the first book Balzac released under his own name, and it gave him what one critic called "passage into the Promised Land". "The vanishing man", wrote Sir Victor Pritchett, "who must be pursued from the rue Cassini to ... Versailles, Ville d'Avray, Italy, and Vienna can construct a settled dwelling only in his work". Auteur : Honoré de Balzac. He adopted for his own use the armorial bearings of an ancient noble family with which he had no connection and assumed the honorific particle de. Les sections internationales s'inscrivent dans le cadre de partenariats bilatéraux conclus entre la France et les États étrangers ou des organismes représentant leur système éducatif. But social ostentation was only a relaxation from phenomenal bouts of work—14 to 16 hours spent writing at his table in his white, quasi-monastic dressing gown, with his goose-quill pen and his endless cups of black coffee. Honoré de Balzac (1799–1850) là nhà văn hiện thực Pháp lớn nhất nửa đầu thế kỷ 19, bậc thầy của tiểu thuyết văn học hiện thực. Balzac’s father was a man of southern peasant stock who worked in the civil service for 43 years under Louis XVI and Napoleon. [84] He had been visited that day by Victor Hugo, who later served as a pallbearer and the eulogist at Balzac's funeral. É considerado o fundador do Realismo na literatura moderna. [109] The centrality of Paris in La Comédie Humaine is key to Balzac's legacy as a realist. Many of his works have been made into popular films and television serials, including: Travers Vale's Père Goriot (1915), Les Chouans (1947), Le Père Goriot (1968 BBC mini-series), and La Cousine Bette (1974 BBC mini-series, starring Margaret Tyzack and Helen Mirren; 1998 film, starring Jessica Lange). "La Comédie humaine" par Honoré de Balzac sur Wikipedia "La Comédie humaine - Études analytiques - Physiologie du mariage" par Honoré de Balzac sur Wikipedia "Physiologie du mariage - Méditation VIII"par Honoré de Balzac sur Google Livres "Physiologie du mariage - Méditation XXIV" par Honoré de Balzac … He called for "a young and vigorous man who belongs neither to the Directoire nor to the Empire, but who is 1830 incarnate...."[50] He planned to be such a candidate, appealing especially to the higher classes in Chinon. [7] His father, born Bernard-François Balssa,[8] was one of eleven children from an artisan family in Tarn, a region in the south of France. "[108] His labyrinthine city provided a literary model used later by English novelist Charles Dickens and Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. [85][86], Balzac is buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. Citations de Honoré de Balzac. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. [33] Although Balzac was a supporter of the Crown, Balzac paints the revolutionaries in a sympathetic light—even though they are the center of the book's most brutal scenes. Parc Honoré de Balzac Situé sur le Cher, ce parc crée un lien entre le quartier des Rives du Cher et celui des Fontaines. In 1878 James wrote: "Large as Balzac is, he is all of one piece and he hangs perfectly together". [136], French novelist and playwright (1799–1850), "Balzac" redirects here. "In the first place he was too busy", explains Saintsbury, "in the second he would not have been at home there.... [H]e felt it was his business not to frequent society but to create it". Ferragus, 1833; La Duchesse de Langeais, 1833, 1839; La Fille aux yeux d'or, 1835 PARIS, Le Club Français du Livre 1962 Série complète de seize volumes in-8 (140 x 215 m/m. Balzac et moi, nous n’avons jamais été en bon terme. Accessible par des passerelles piétonnes, cette île artificielle au cœur de la ville est un véritable lieu de détente et de nature qui s'étend sur plus de 24 ha. In 1833, as he revealed in a letter to his sister, Balzac entered into an illicit affair[71] with fellow writer Maria Du Fresnay, who was then aged 24. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. He has been compared to Charles Dickens and is considered one of Dickens' significant influences. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Il fait partie du Pôle de Rabat-Kénitra, qui comprend également le lycée Descartes, le collège Saint-Exupéry et les écoles Camus, Cézanne, Chénier et Ronsard de … From then on his life was to be one of mounting debts and almost incessant toil. [132] Marxist Friedrich Engels wrote: "I have learned more [from Balzac] than from all the professional historians, economists and statisticians put together". Jean-Louis Dega, La vie prodigieuse de Bernard-François Balssa, père d'Honoré de Balzac : Aux sources historiques de La Comédie humaine, Rodez, Subervie, 1998, 665 p. Balzac (1840). Balzac's use of repeat characters, moving in and out of the Comédie's books, strengthens the realist representation. Contact. In 1828 he was narrowly saved from bankruptcy and was left with debts of more than 60,000 francs. A rival of the Hungarian composer Franz Liszt, Balzac visited Countess Hańska in St. Petersburg in 1843 and won her heart. Fast Facts: Honoré de Balzac Balzac's first project was a libretto for a comic opera called Le Corsaire, based on Lord Byron's The Corsair. Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850) est l'un des plus grands écrivains français dans le domaine du roman réaliste et philosophique. Le Groupe Scolaire Unifié Honoré de Balzac de Kénitra est un établissement en gestion directe de l’AEFE, Agence pour l’Enseignement Français à l’Etranger. Honoré de Balzac, après dix ans de production sans valeur et qui resta obscure, commença en 1829 les romans qui devaient former La Comédie humaine, à laquelle il travailla jusqu’à sa mort: beaucoup de longues nouvelles et vingt-quatre romans (Eugénie Grandet, Le Père Goriot, 1833, 1834, etc. [124], Marcel Proust similarly learned from the Realist example; he adored Balzac and studied his works carefully, although he criticised what he perceived as Balzac's "vulgarity". [83], Five months after his wedding, on Sunday, 18 August 1850, Balzac died in the presence of his mother; Eve de Balzac (formerly Countess Hańska) had gone to bed. Among these are La Peau de chagrin (1831; The Wild Ass’s Skin), Le Chef-d’oeuvre inconnu (1831; The Unknown Masterpiece), Louis Lambert (1834), La Recherche de l’absolu (1834; The Quest of the Absolute), and Séraphîta (1834–35). This piecemeal style is reflective of the author's own life, a possible attempt to stabilize it through fiction. Among the shorter works were Le Colonel Chabert (1832), Le Curé de Tours (1832; The Vicar of Tours), the trilogy of stories entitled Histoire des treize (1833–35; History of the Thirteen), and Gobseck (1835). He then began writing novels filled with mystic and philosophical speculations before turning to the production of potboilers—gothic, humorous, historical novels—written under composite pseudonyms. In the end, his health fails and he is consumed by his own confusion. Her marriage to a considerably older man (Charles du Fresnay, Mayor of Sartrouville) had been a failure from the outset. He began to frequent some of the best-known Parisian salons of the day and redoubled his efforts to set himself up as a dazzling figure in society. He is trapped by the Abbé Herrera (Vautrin) in a convoluted and disastrous plan to regain social status. He was friends with Théophile Gautier and Pierre-Marie-Charles de Bernard du Grail de la Villette, and he was acquainted with Victor Hugo. It is now a Museum dedicated to Balzac where one can see his writing desk and quill pen and chair. Honoré de Balzac was born into a family which aspired to achieve respectability through its industry and efforts. Son oeuvre très vaste comprend contes philosophiques, romans et nouvelles. Tuvo tres hermanos, Laure, Laurence y Henry-François. His willful nature caused trouble throughout his life and frustrated his ambitions to succeed in the world of business. They met twice in Switzerland in 1833—the second time in Geneva, where they became lovers—and again in Vienna in 1835. [58] As Rogers notes, "Balzac was interested in any social, political, or economic theory, whether from the right or the left. In his 1840 novel Le Notaire, he wrote that a young person in the legal profession sees "the oily wheels of every fortune, the hideous wrangling of heirs over corpses not yet cold, the human heart grappling with the Penal Code".[27]. After attending boarding school in Vendôme, he gravitated to Paris where he worked as a legal clerk and a hack writer, using various pseudonyms, often in collaboration with other writers. Balzac suffered from health problems throughout his life, possibly owing to his intense writing schedule. [106], The influence of Paris permeates La Comédie: nature defers to the artificial metropolis, in contrast to descriptions of the weather and wildlife in the countryside. "Realism is nothing if not urban", notes critic Peter Brooks; the scene of a young man coming into the city to find his fortune is ubiquitous in the realist novel, and appears repeatedly in Balzac's works, such as Illusions Perdues.[110][111].

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