pp. Accessed Sep. 25, 2020. Non-governmental organization, or NGO, is a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates independently from any government. Economic globalization and advances in communication and transportation technology have influenced the growth of international NGOs and global civil society institutions. NGOs are non-profit by definition, but may run budgets of millions or up to billions of dollars each year. NGOs are usually nonprofit organizations, and many of them are active in humanitarianism or the social sciences. Akpan S. M (2010): Establishment of Non-Governmental Organizations (In Press). [103] The equality of relationships between northern and southern parts of an NGO, and between southern and northern NGOs working in partnership, has been questioned; the north may lead in advocacy and resource mobilization, and the south delivers services in the developing world. Since the end of World War II, NGOs have had an increased role in international development,[27] particularly in the fields of humanitarian assistance and poverty alleviation.[28]. [25] However, in many cases NGOs employees receive more fringe benefits. Ownership matters because it determines the parties’ willingness to make non-contractible investments. A number of variations of the NGO acronym exist, including: World Bank, Operations Policy Department. 13(5), pp. Learn more. Habitat for Humanity Philippines (HFHP) A non-profit Christian ministry working to help build responsible and self-reliant communities by enabling Filipino families in need to acquire affordable, decent, and durable homes. [4][5] NGOs are a subgroup of organizations founded by citizens, which include clubs and associations that provide services to their members and others. Velusamy M. Non-Governmental Organisation, Dominant Publishers & Distribution Ltd, New Delhi. "Civil Society and NGO: Far from Unproblematic Concepts.". Select basic ads. Bond, Michael. Create a personalised content profile. [65] Specifically, even when the government is the key investor, ownership by an NGO is optimal if and only if the NGO has a larger valuation of the project than the government. Ebrahim, A. A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that is not part of a government and was not founded by states. [35] The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has guidelines of five to seven percent overhead to receive funding;[36] the World Bank typically allows 37 percent. For other uses, see, Organization independent of any government, usually created to aid those in need or similar. [96][97] Neera Chandhoke wrote in a Journal of World-Systems Research article, "To put the point starkly: are the citizens of countries of the South and their needs represented in global civil society, or are citizens as well as their needs constructed by practices of representation? [18] They are most often associated with the delivery of services or environmental issues, emergency relief, and public welfare. [106] NGOs need to balance centralization and decentralization. American Sociological Review. Though it has no internationally recognized legal definition, an NGO generally refers to an organization that operates independently from any government – though it may receive funding from a government but operates without oversight or representation from that government. What is a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)? They engage in regular dialogue with public authorities with a view to ensuring better implementation of EU initiatives and policies in the EU countries. An international, non-sectarian organization advocating for the cause of street children throughout the world. [47], In December 2007, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs S. Ward Casscells established an International Health Division of Force Health Protection & Readiness. A code of ethics was established in 2002 by the World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations.[24]. [64] Yet, Besley and Ghatak (2001) have argued that in the context of public projects the investment technology does not matter. It aims to help policymakers and policy analysts reach a common solution through unofficial discussions. Non Governmental Organizations have been well defined by The World Bank itself which stated them as “private organizations that pursue activities to relieve suffering, promote the interest of the poor, protect the environment, provide basic social services and undertake community development.” Operational NGOs will use campaigning techniques if they face issues in the field which could be remedied by policy change, and campaigning NGOs (such as human-rights organizations) often have programs which assist individual victims for whom they are trying to advocacate. NGOs & Foreign Aid, Oxford: James Currey. [79] According to Shivji, the rise of NGOs is part of a neoliberal paradigm and not motivated purely by altruism; NGOs want to change the world without understanding it, continuing an imperial relationship. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. [37] A high percentage of overhead relative to total expenditures can make it more difficult to generate funds. [56] An international NGO was first defined in resolution 288 (X) of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) on February 27, 1950, as "any international organization that is not founded by an international treaty". Terje Tvedt, 19982/2003: Angels of Mercy or Development Diplomats. A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a non-profit group that functions independently of any government. Jean Folger has 15+ years of experience as a financial writer covering real estate, investing, active trading, the economy, and retirement planning. Measure ad performance. 2002. [99] Competition for funds has increased, in addition to the expectations of donors who may add conditions threatening an NGO's independence. Steve Charnovitz, "Two Centuries of Participation: NGOs and International Governance, Michigan Journal of International Law, Winter 1997. [80] They can be uncoordinated, creating parallel projects which divert health-service workers from their normal duties to instead serve the NGOs. "The Backlash against NGOs." U.S. and international NGOs represent virtually every conceivable ideology, political cause, religion, social issue, and interest … On average, employees in NGOs earn 11-12% less compared to employees of for-profit organizations and government workers with the same number of qualifications . [100] Dependence on official aid may dilute "the willingness of NGOs to speak out on issues which are unpopular with governments",[97] and changes in NGO funding sources have altered their function. Other acronyms include:[citation needed]. "How to spot a good from a bad quango." Oxfam, concerned with poverty alleviation, may provide needy people with the equipment and skills to obtain food and drinking water; the Forum for Fact-finding Documentation and Advocacy (FFDA) helps provide legal assistance to victims of human-rights abuses. Interest groups may be politically important, influencing social and political outcomes. They may be contractors or collaborate with government agencies to reduce the cost of public goods. "[94], They have been questioned as "too much of a good thing". Select personalised ads. A complete list of NGOs with official relations with WHO can be found at: The Classifications, Assessments and Terminology team is the focal point for: The International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR) Store and/or access information on a device. The impact of official aid on Non-Governmental Organisations. According to Doug Parr of Greenpeace, there had been "a tendency among our critics to say that science is the only decision-making tool ... but political and commercial interests are using science as a cover for getting their way. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Eugene Fram & Vicki Brown, How Using the Corporate Model Makes a Nonprofit Board More Effective & Efficient – Third Edition (2011), Amazon Books, Create Space Books. [13][14] The term "NGO" is used inconsistently; it is sometimes a synonym for a civil society organization, any association founded by citizens. Triple bottom line (TBL), in economics, believes that companies should focus as much on social and environmental issues as they do on financial issues.

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