We will not be deterred from dismantling this crime down to its very foundations and ensuring the protection of future generations. Peru ], https://www.unodc.org/cld/en/v3/htms/index.html, UNODC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/data-and-analysis/glotip.html, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights, http://www.ilo.org/sapfl/Informationresources/ILOPublications/Byregion/Global/lang–en/index.htm, http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:1:0, Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (A/RES/55/25) (2000), United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (ARES/64/293) (2010), Political Declaration on the Implementation of the Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (2017) (A/RES/72/1), UNSC Resolutions on Trafficking in Persons in Conflict Situations 2331 (2016) , 2388 (2017) and 2493 (2019 S/RES/2493), UNODC Countering Trafficking in Persons in Conflict Situations Thematic Paper (2018), UNODC Evidential Issues in Trafficking in Persons Cases: Case Digest, http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/2017/Case_Digest_Evidential_Issues_in_Trafficking.pdf. Page 35: picture alliance/Tone Koene Kelsey Brennan Section 1. Page 24: Sara Hylton After she escaped and a prosecutor brought charges against Veronica’s employer, the court ruled that Veronica was a victim of domestic servitude and a survivor of human trafficking. Others reflect policy priorities and efforts to provide clarification and justification for the tier rankings and country narratives. StateRecords.org is an aggregation site that collects government-generated records from public sources and provides fast, easy, and inexpensive access to those records. The chart to the right reflects the number of full restrictions, partial waivers, and full waivers provided annually since 2014. There has never been a more important moment to engage the fight for freedom. Amy O’Neill Richard Twenty years later, her family’s debt has grown to more than twice their average annual income, which has left Kim with no option but to put her own 11-year-old son to work at the kiln as well. L. No. Rather, a Tier 1 ranking indicates that a government has made efforts to address the problem that meet the TVPA’s minimum standards. After arriving, her employer told her she would need to work for two months without a salary to repay her relocation expenses. Kyrgyz Republic Still, they illustrate the myriad schemes human traffickers use and the variety of situations in which trafficking victims are exploited. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Latvia Links to external websites are provided as a convenience and should not be construed as an endorsement by the U.S. Department of State of the views or products contained therein. As the founder and director of Rodnik, an NGO located in Almaty, Balabayeva has been instrumental in leading the organization’s work to provide psychological and legal support to victims of trafficking in multiple regions of the country. An official website of the United States government, Office of the Coordinator for Cyber Issues, Office of the U.S. $4,700,000 This page shows a sample country narrative. 393 (1856). Abigail Long Beginning October 1, 2020, and effective throughout FY 2021, these restrictions will apply to the listed countries, absent a presidential waiver, applicable exception, or reinstatement of assistance pursuant to the terms of the CSPA. Peacekeeping Operations Certainly, more work remains in the areas of global research, education, and the willingness to create policies that reduce stigma and protect vulnerable populations. At times, this relationship may also decrease the psychological impact of the trauma as moments of love and care from the trafficker offset experiences of anxiety or fear. Despite the schemes of traffickers, the reality is this: governments across the world, survivors, NGOs, faith communities, and advocates are still at work. In addition, hospital networks have integrated responses to human trafficking into other health care violence prevention efforts. He was the driving force behind the passage of the Trafficking in Persons Act in 2015 and continues to tirelessly advocate for its full implementation. Nepal Nigeria The purpose of the Network is to engage experts, particularly those with lived experience, to provide expertise and input on Department of State anti-trafficking policies, strategies, and products related to human trafficking, both in the United States and abroad. South Africa Page v: Smita Sharma Whether the government of the country extradites persons charged with acts of severe forms of trafficking in persons on substantially the same terms and to substantially the same extent as persons charged with other serious crimes (or, to the extent such extradition would be inconsistent with the laws of such country or with international agreements to which the country is a party, whether the government is taking all appropriate measures to modify or replace such laws and treaties so as to permit such extradition). Throughout the course of the investigation, Varela and Correia showed an impressive level of perseverance in the face of immense difficulties, including foreign interference and threats to their personal safety, to pursue Cabo Verde’s first forced labor prosecution. Reports implicate UN personnel from 13 countries. Jennifer M. Ho To request a hard copy of the 2020 Trafficking in Persons Report, please email TIPOutreach@state.gov and provide your mailing address. As we have continued our work during the COVID-19 pandemic, traffickers have continued as well. Links to external websites are provided as a convenience and should not be construed as an endorsement by the U.S. Department of State of the views or products contained therein. Dignity Health developed the PEARR Tool in consultation with survivors and community organizations to train medical professionals to provide privacy, educate, ask, respect, and respond to survivor’s needs. Catherine E. Kay The often insufficient oversight by sport governing bodies and lack of government enforcement further allows unscrupulous agents to operate. Many people around the world dream of becoming professional athletes, drawn by the fame, multi-million-dollar contracts, lucrative brand sponsorships, and opportunities to travel around the world. Soumya Silver Societal stigma can prevent health care providers, law enforcement officials, prosecutors, and other professionals from identifying victims of human trafficking when they see only the manifestations of substance use disorder and consequently dismiss red flags. Democratic Republic of the Congo No reported allegations – NATO relies on contributing countries to report allegations. This automatic downgrade provision came into effect for the first time in the 2013 TIP Report. Health care providers are also learning to use trauma-informed, survivor-informed, and culturally and linguistically appropriate services to build trust, strengthen screening, provide improved quality medical care, and reduce the risk of retraumatization. Page 31: Elisabetta Zavoli Malaysia Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism, Office of the U.S. Special Coordinator for Tibetan Issues, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. List of Waivers or Exceptions Exercised under Section 404(a). ICCR’s Statement of Principles & Recommended Practices for Confronting Human Trafficking & Modern Slavery provides guidance to companies to protect their supply chains from sex and labor trafficking. If needed for language purposes, the provider should use a professional interpreter trained to interpret information appropriately, and without judgment, to ensure information is accurate and non-stigmatizing when applicable. Estonia She found innovative funding sources for anti-trafficking work in Latvia, allowing such work to continue even under severe budget constraints. 106-386, § 108, as amended. You are truly remarkable. As of April 15, IMET funding was obligated for the following activities: military professionalization training. Egypt Whether the government of the country, consistent with the capacity of such government, systematically monitors its efforts to satisfy the criteria described in paragraphs (1) through (8) and makes available publicly a periodic assessment of such efforts. Specific inclusions or omissions should not be interpreted as a signal that a particular case is of greater or lesser importance to the U.S. government, or that a case is the only available example. Congress made many of these alterations through amendments to the TVPA and its reauthorizations. Over the years, there have been TIP Report Heroes who are survivors of trafficking, doctors, lawyers, social workers, police officers, religious and business leaders, and journalists, among many others. Historically, these types of crimes were referred to as “child sex tourism.” Today, the anti-trafficking community is moving away from using that term in favor of the terms “extraterritorial child sexual exploitation and abuse” and “extraterritorial commercial child sexual exploitation and abuse.” These emphasize the significant harm inflicted on children without referencing the perpetrator’s reason for being in the foreign country. When a victim perceives a threat to their physical and psychological survival at the hands of their trafficker, trauma bonding may occur. For the athletes who have dedicated their lives to sign a contract, the fear of losing the opportunity by questioning the terms of that contract or their so-called agent can be insurmountable. In the United States, specialized, multi-disciplinary task forces have been key to the successful investigation and prosecution of human trafficking cases involving addiction. Ryan Mulvenna South Sudan Ben Wiselogle As mentioned earlier, some traffickers recruit directly from addiction treatment facilities, targeting people coming out of detox and inpatient programs, knowing they can exploit the vulnerabilities of these individuals. The foundations for trauma bonding are laid at the neurobiological levels. This report was the first to feature a colorful front cover with the signature eyes and a letter from the Secretary of State, as well as compelling photos and images, victim stories, and a list of international “promising practices” in combating human trafficking. Through this close partnership with local police, Al-Shehab has provided legal services to 800 victims each year and secured the release of 400 victims due to lack of evidence. Mary C. Ellison For example, lack of access to housing, healthcare, employment, income, education, or asylum may increase the likelihood of a trauma bond developing. Namibia Adrienne Sgarlato Safe housing. Click a topic to jump to it in the report. No security assistance subject to section 404(a) of the CSPA was planned to be provided to Burma, Iran, Sudan, or Syria in fiscal year (FY) 2020. The opportunity for impact in the days ahead is great. There men beat and tortured Huy; when he tried to escape, a guard poured boiling water over his chest and arms. Over the past two decades, her organization has assisted more than 16,000 people. Internationally, experts recognize both the short- and long-term health consequences as well as the public health burden of human trafficking. Susan Snyder Prosecutors also called drug counselors and other expert witnesses to inform the jury of how addiction affects the brain and body and of the dangers of withdrawal. In 2012, Embassy Skopje in North Macedonia organized an award ceremony for Ministry of Labor social workers, praising their outstanding commitment to providing protection, care, and assistance to victims of trafficking. Page 9: Reuters After moving, he quickly realized the factory owners had lied about what his role and work conditions would be. Paraguay Mali Government agencies frequently list the full hierarchy of departments on their reports. As anyone familiar with bureaucracy knows, this can add up to a lot of layers. Emily A. Korenak Janet Zinn. Adult-focused interventions require additional empirical research on the role of trauma bonding. Additional assistance will be obligated during FY 2020. International Military Education and Training (IMET) Bahrain Table of Contents: Reuters Policy Guides on Criminalizing Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons (2014): http://www.baliprocess.net/regional-support-office/policy-guides/, Program of Cooperation between the CIS Member States against Trafficking in Persons for 2014–2018, COMMIT 3rd Sub-Regional Plan of Action (COMMIT SPAIII, 2011-2013), 12th COMMIT Senior Officials Meeting (2017). Contributor: Supreme Court of the United States - Taney, Roger Brooke Date: 1856 For example, the author of the National Cancer Institute report in the example above might be fully written out as follows: The purpose of the Network is to engage experts, particularly those with lived experience, to provide expertise and input on Department of State anti-trafficking policies, strategies, and products related to human trafficking, both in the United States and abroad. Anisha Choubey At the time, inclusion in the report depended on whether there was evidence of a “significant number” of victims in a given country, though the U.S. Congress did not specify what it considered to be a “significant number.” Once the drafters of the first report received reporting from all the U.S. embassies, which included information on the estimated number of victims in each country, they determined that 100 or more victims would be the threshold number, taking into account that for small countries this would be a high threshold but for large countries a low one. This email address provides a means by which organizations and individuals can share information with the Department of State throughout the year on government progress in addressing trafficking. She has served as the Latvian government’s National Trafficking in Persons Coordinator since 2014, advocating for human trafficking reforms inside the government and building critical relationships with NGOs. Indicia of “Serious and Sustained Efforts”, a)  domestic civil society organizations, private sector entities, or international nongovernmental organizations, or into multilateral or regional arrangements or agreements, to assist the government’s efforts to prevent trafficking, protect victims, and punish traffickers; or. The first efforts to address trafficking in persons focused heavily on combating the sex trafficking of women and girls. 1), http://scm.oas.org/IDMS/Redirectpage.aspx?class=XXXIX.4%20RTP-IV/doc.&classNum=4&lang=e, Inter-American Declaration against Trafficking in Persons “Declaration of Brasilia” (2014), Hemispheric Efforts against Trafficking in Persons “Declaration of Mexico” (2018), Advancing Hemispheric Security: A Multidimensional Approach (AG/RES.2945 XLIX-O/19), http://scm.oas.org/IDMS/Redirectpage.aspx?class=AG/doc.&classNum=5682&lang=e, Progress Report: II Work Plan Against Trafficking in Persons In The Western Hemisphere 2015-2018, http://mneguidelines.oecd.org/OECD-Due-Diligence-Guidance-Garment-Footwear.pdf. Guidelines to Prevent Abusive Recruitment, Exploitative Employment and Trafficking of Migrant Workers in the Baltic Sea region (2014): http://www.cbss.org/guidelines-prevent-abusive-recruitment-exploitative-employment-trafficking-migrant-workers-brief. You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State. After a few months, however, it became clear he was using Ted’s mother to get closer to Ted. A recruiter convinced her to leave Nigeria for better opportunities in Ghana. Currently, the U.S. Angel Watch Center seeks to identify individuals previously convicted of child sexual exploitation or abuse offenses, including child sex trafficking, who intend to travel abroad. Colonel Rigzin played a central role in efforts to amend the Bhutan Penal Code to align its legal definition of human trafficking with international standards. Post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder are related; each disorder can mask the symptoms of the other, and both need to be treated to attain long-term recovery outcomes. The current culture of impunity threatens to tarnish irreparably the important mission of peacekeepers. The prosecutorial successes in the above-mentioned cases were achieved because the prosecutors, law enforcement, and judges listened to survivors, respected their needs, and valued their lived experience in describing the torment of drug-based coercion. 2017 – A Government Accountability Office report (as noted on page 27 of the 2017 TIP Report) issued on December 5, 2016, included several recommendations to improve the clarity and usefulness of the TIP Report. Israel Saint Lucia Thirty new countries were included in the report, with 116 in total, marking a major increase in the amount of information available on governmental efforts to combat human trafficking.

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