More evidence that Jupiter's moon Europa contains not only an ocean, but a habitable one. Assuming the ocean is habitable, with sources of chemical energy and a healthy supply of organics, the high pressure and low temperature environment may constrain the variety of lifeforms that could exist there. Where water ice forms mountains. Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, hides a subsurface ocean that potentially could support life. On notera que cette potentialité d’habitabilité est telle que la NASA (ainsi que pour une autre lune de Saturne, Titan, mais avec des conditions très différentes) a décidé de faire plonger Cassini dans l’atmosphère de Saturne le 15 septembre prochain afin qu’elle s’y consume intégralement. As these trace gases drift through the atmosphere towards the surface, they can react with other organic molecules to form ever more complex organics. Le lancement depuis Baïkonour de l’atterrisseur et de l'orbiteur de la mission ExoMars 2016 ouvre un nouveau cycle d'exploration de notre système solaire. “Our science is following the organic molecules on their path from the top of the atmosphere where they get constructed, down through the crust and into the ocean, and if there’s biology happening down there, how those organics work their way back up to the surface and become visible,” says geochemist and Deputy Principal Investigator on the project, Mike Malaska of JPL. This was confirmed by careful gravity measurements made by Cassini during its 137 flybys. La lune de Saturne, Titan, pourrait abriter des formes de vie extraterrestres étranges, basées sur des processus chimiques radicalement différents de ceux que l’on connaît sur Terre.Et qui pourrait remettre complètement en question la notion de “zone habitable”. The surface temperature is -179 Celsius or -209 degrees Fahrenheit. Written by Keith Cooper. Initial science results from the project have come from Conor Nixon and his team at NASA Goddard, who have used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile to study the chemical content of Titan’s atmosphere. Laboratory experiments will be conducted, placing microbes such as Pelobacter acetylenicus in simulated environments described by the aforementioned theoretical modeling to see if the microbes can thrive in them, to learn how they adapt in order to survive, and what new types of biomolecules might result from these adaptations. « Titan est un possible "monde habitable", dans le sens où il comporte peut-être des traces de vie très primitive », Athena Coustenis, directrice de recherche à l’Observatoire de Paris. Titan's surface temperature is insensitive to insolation increases as the haze-laden atmosphere “puffs up” and blocks more sunlight. En ce sens, Titan, la lune de Saturne, serait l’endroit idéal. Une étude menée par le géophysicien Cyril Grima, de l’Université de Texas (UTIG), suggère en effet que sur la lune les vagues d’hydrocarbures sont quasi inexistantes et les vents très faibles. Ce qui sous-entend qu’il pourrait exister une étrange chimie à l’œuvre sur cette That’s because the Saturnian moon is cloaked in thick clouds that obscure a view to its surface. Although it may be impossible to ever directly explore the deep subsurface or ocean of Titan, the NAI team intend to use both theoretical modeling and laboratory experiments to simulate the possible conditions, to better understand the interface between the ice shell and the ocean, and the ocean with the rocky core, and the flow of oxidants and reductants at these interfaces that could support microbes. Life as we know it cannot exist on the moon's frigid surface. Titan’s rich diversity of organic molecules is a product of ultraviolet light from the Sun initiating chemical reactions with the dominant gases in Titan’s atmosphere – hydrogen, methane and nitrogen. Thus, the seeds of the Dragonfly mission were sown. Titan slowly migrated out to 746,000 miles away from Saturn over 4.5 billion years, according to two separate sets of measurements. warmer, slushy) ice rising upwards, or perhaps cryovolcanism. The atmospheric density is 4 times higher than Earth, while at the same time, the gravity is lower. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/saturn-moons/titan/in-depth Just for comparison, the coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth is about -92 Celcius or -133 Fahrenheit. The researchers plan to simulate Titan’s environment and see how well this bacteria can survive. Some of this work has already been done, using observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter array in Chile to study the atmosphere of Titan and measure its chemical content. The first spacecraft to visit Titan was Pioneer 11 in 1979. Titan is absolutely fascinating, and we really really need to send a mission back to study it in more depth. These biomolecules may then leave behind biosignatures – molecular traces of life. By Sarah Fecht Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, is a hotbed of organic molecules, harboring a soup of complex hydrocarbons similar to that thought to have existed over four billion years ago on the primordial Earth. You could strap on a pair on wings on your arms and fly around on Titan, which, seriously, I would love to try.

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